Research

Working papers

"The Confederate Diaspora" (with Samuel Bazzi, Andreas Ferrara, Martin Fiszbein, and Thomas Pearson), Revise & Resubmit at the Review of Economic Studies.
- Download: Draft (with appendices).
- Summary: Former Confederates, including former slaveholders, migrated into positions of power throughout the postbellum U.S., diffusing and entrenching exclusionary norms.
"Political Foundations of Racial Violence in the Post-Reconstruction South" (with Jhacova Williams), Reject & Resubmit at the Quarterly Journal of Economics.
- Download: Draft (with appendices).
- Summary: Lynchings of Black people in the post-Reconstruction U.S. South were closely tied to the local political performance of the Democratic Party.
"National Identity, Public Goods, and Modern Economic Development" (with Stergios Skaperdas), Revise & Resubmit at the Journal of Comparative Economics.
- Download: Draft (with appendices).
- Summary: National identities facilitate consensus between elites and the masses behind taxes and public goods that boost the national economic status, further galvanizing national pride.

Selected work in progress

"The Geography of Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Uncovering a Hidden History of Expulsion and Exclusion" (with Samuel Bazzi, Eric Chyn, Andreas Ferrara, Martin Fiszbein, and Thomas Pearson), funded by the Russell Sage Foundation.

Publications

“New Area- and Population-based Geographic Crosswalks for U.S. Counties and Congressional Districts, 1790-2020” (with Andreas Ferrara and Liyang Zhou), Accepted at Historical Methods.
- Download: Draft, Supplemental material, Crosswalks and replication files.
- Summary: We develop new geographic crosswalks for the U.S. based on relative population size, which account for heterogeneities in urbanization within counties.
"The Other Great Migration: Southern Whites and the New Right," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138, 1577–1647 (with Samuel Bazzi, Andreas Ferrara, Martin Fiszbein, and Thomas Pearson).
- Download: Draft, Supplemental material, Replication files.
- Summary: Mass migration out of the U.S. South during the 20th century catalyzed major shifts in national policy coalitions.
"Churches as Social Insurance: Oil Risk and Religion in the U.S. South," Journal of Economic History, 2023, 83, 786–832 (with Andreas Ferrara).
- Download: Draft, Supplemental material, Replication files.
- Summary: Religious communities grew throughout the U.S. South in the early 20th century as a form of social insurance against oil volatility.
"Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the 'Great Retreat'," American Economic Association: Papers and Proceedings, 2022, 112, 234–8 (with Samuel Bazzi, Andreas Ferrara, Martin Fiszbein, and Thomas Pearson).
- Download: Draft, Replication files.
- Summary: All-white sundown towns spread throughout the Western U.S. in the 1900s, led in part by white Southern migrants and causing a "Great Retreat" of Blacks.
"The Economic Legacy of Expulsion: Lessons from Post-war Czechoslovakia," The Economic Journal, 2021, 131, 2233–71.
- Download: Draft, Supplemental material, Replication files.
- Summary: Czechoslovakia's expulsion of millions of ethnic Germans after World War II permanently impaired local economic development.
"Shocks and the Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity: The Role of Institutions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 183, 791–810.
- Download: Draft, Supplemental material, Replication files.
- Summary: When it comes to whether or not historical shocks have persistent effects, institutions matter (for migratory response patterns).
"Education and Propaganda: Tradeoffs to Public Education Provision in Nondemocracies," Journal of Public Economics, 2018, 160, 66–81.
- Download: Draft, Supplemental material, Replication files.
- Summary: The use of propaganda in educational content can induce nondemocracies to invest more in education, making citizens better off.